Vibrio parahaemolyticus

History

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is native to the marine environment and is halophilic, and seafood contaminated with it can cause gastroenteritis. The bacterium was first isolated and identified in a sample of foodborne disease outbreaks caused by the consumption of sardines in Japan in 1950.

Species characteristics

Gram-negative, bacterial arc-shaped, no spore formation, facultative anaerobic with D-glucose as the primary or sole source of carbon through a single polar flagellar movement. Adapt to pH from neutral to alkaline. The serotyping process is relatively mature, and serotyping diagnostic sera for 11 O groups and 71 K antigens have been established.

Pathogenicity

Gastroenteritis, wound infection and sepsis are the main clinical symptoms caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. Symptoms of gastroenteritis include diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, headache, and low fever. Usually have self-limiting, the course of disease is 1-3 days. Multi-drug resistance has not been reported.

Genome

V. parahaemolyticusstrain RIMD2210633 contains a large chromosome of 3.29Mb and a small chromosome of 1.88Mb ,Coding with 4832 genes. Studies have shown that the necessary genes are mainly distributed on large chromosomes, and small chromosomes are related to the expansion of the substrate utilization spectrum and adaptation to survival in a specific environment. Pathogenicity-related secretion systems including T3SSs are widely present in this pathogenic strain. V. parahaemolyticus contains two T3SSs, T3SS1 on large chromosomes, associated with cytotoxicity, and T3SS2 on small chromosomes, associated with intestinal toxicity, and only found in KP+ strains. The heat-resistant direct hemolysin (TDH) associated with hemolysis is encoded by the tdhA (tdh2) gene, which is a common distinction between pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. TDH is considered to be the most important virulence factor, and some strains carry TRH (thermost stable hemolysin, encoded by the trh gene).

847 genomes have been published on NCBI, the sequence is from GenBank。